Adjectives describe nouns: they tell you what something is like. Examples are "mooi" (beautiful), "leuk" (nice), "klein" (small), and "groot" (big). In Dutch, the adjective can change depending on where it appears in the sentence.
If the adjective comes before the noun, you usually add -e: de mooie tas, het kleine meisje, een mooie tas. The main exception is een + singular het-word, where the adjective stays in its base form: een klein meisje.
If the adjective is used after the noun (usually with a verb like "is"), it does not change: "De tas is mooi." Compare that with before the noun: "de mooie tas."
| Combination | Ending | Example |
|---|---|---|
| de + adj + noun | + e | de duure fiets |
| het + adj + noun | + e | het groote huis |
| een + adj + de noun | + e | een nieuwe jas |
| een + adj + het noun ⚠️ | NO -e | een nieuw huis |
When you add -e to an adjective, spelling may adjust to keep the same pronunciation. Use the patterns below as a pronunciation guide:
| Pattern | What happens | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Short vowel | Double the final consonant | nat → natte |
| Long double vowel | Drop one vowel letter | groot → grote |
| Diphthong (ou, ei, ui…) | No change | blauw → blauwe |
| Unstressed ending | No change | aardig → aardige |
| Ends on -f | Change f → v | lief → lieve |
| Ends on -s | Change s → z | grijs → grijze |
| Short vowel + f or s | Double consonant (no v/z change) | fris → frisse |
English adjectives are frozen: "big" never changes whether you say "a big house" or "the big house." Dutch adjectives move, but not for the reason many learners guess. A Dutch speaker isn't tracking gender or meaning in the moment — they are only checking one narrow combination: een plus a het-word, singular. That combination alone keeps the adjective bare; everywhere else, it takes -e.
So it helps to flip the question around: instead of asking "when do I add -e," ask "is this the one exception?" Picture the noun with its article first — de tas, het huis, een huis — and only skip -e when you land on een plus a het-word. Everything else, including een plus a de-word, gets -e automatically.
English adjectives never change no matter what follows them, so the instinct is to either bolt on -e everywhere or skip it everywhere. Dutch does neither: -e is the default almost everywhere, with exactly one narrow exception. These four mix-ups cover that whole rule — check yourself against each one.
✗ een grote huis
✓ een groot huis
Huis is a het-word, and with the indefinite article een in the singular, the adjective stays bare — no -e.
✗ de groot tas
✓ de grote tas
De is a definite article, and after de the adjective always takes -e, no matter which noun follows.
✗ een groot jas
✓ een grote jas
Jas is a de-word, so this exception does not apply here — de-words take -e even after een.
✗ het groot huis
✓ het grote huis
Het is a definite article, so the -e comes back here even though huis is a het-word.
Choose one activity below. Quizzes focus on adjective endings and spelling patterns.
Pick the correct adjective form for each phrase.
Drag words into the right order: article, adjective, noun.
Choose the correct written form when adding -e.